Abstract
We demonstrate trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup. Cold electrons are introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and stay confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. A fraction of these electrons remain trapped longer and show no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Electronic excitation of the motion reveals secular frequencies that can be tuned over a range of several tens to hundreds of MHz. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may provide a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
3 More- Received 13 May 2020
- Revised 11 December 2020
- Accepted 17 December 2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011019
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
Published by the American Physical Society
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Focus
New Electron Trap Might Help Quantum Computers
Published 29 January 2021
Long-time trapping of a single electron could allow the particle to be used as an efficient quantum bit.
See more in Physics
Popular Summary
An electron has only two quantum states, spin up and spin down, which makes it a natural candidate for a quantum bit. To enable control of its spin state, however, the electron needs to be kept in place. Electrons can be trapped by quantum dots, films of superfluid helium, or confined to the outer shell of atomic ions. But the addition of a confining structure adds extra degrees of freedom, complicating quantum control and often leading to decoherence. The ideal electron spin qubit would be isolated in vacuum, free from unnecessary interactions. Here, we introduce an experimental platform that allows for trapping individual electrons in vacuum.
We use a combination of rapidly oscillating and static electric fields to confine electrons inside an ultrahigh vacuum chamber at room temperature. The same technique is already used for trapped ion quantum computers, but electrons are much lighter than ions, so the trapping fields need to be at microwave frequencies instead of radio frequencies. Electrons are loaded into the trap by using two lasers to gently remove individual electrons from calcium atoms sent through the trapping region. When the ionization takes place inside the trapping region, we find that some electrons are confined for a few tens of milliseconds and then escape, while others remain trapped for probably many seconds.
Showing that it is possible to trap electrons in vacuum is the first step to using them as qubits. Building on the similarities with trapped ions, future work will be directed toward quantum control and readout of the electron spin states.