• Open Access

Experimental random-party entanglement distillation via weak measurement

Zheng-Da Li, Xiao Yuan, Xu-Fei Yin, Li-Zheng Liu, Rui Zhang, Yue-Yang Fei, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Xiongfeng Ma, He Lu, Yu-Ao Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan
Phys. Rev. Research 2, 023047 – Published 16 April 2020

Abstract

Maximally bipartite entangled state |Ψ+, also known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair, is the unit resource of entanglement and the key for quantum information processing. An important problem is that how many maximally bipartite entangled states could be distilled from a multipartite entangled state shared among a quantum network. Here, we focus on the distillation of |Ψ+ from a single copy of the three-qubit W state. An interesting phenomenon in this case is that the random entanglement distillation between two unspecified parties can yield a strictly higher distillation rate (the average number of |Ψ+ distilled from each W state) than the case between two specified parties. In this work, we develop a distillation protocol by introducing weak measurements that do not destroy the global entanglement. We find that the distillation rate can be significantly enhanced with only a few rounds by performing an extra distillation procedure between two specified parties at the final step. Experimentally, we prepare a three-photon W state in the polarization degree of freedom, and employ the path degree of freedom of each photon as probe qubits to realize the weak measurement. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we show that the distillation rate is enhanced from 2/3, which is the theoretical limit of any distillation scheme between two specified parties, to 0.751±0.030 between two unspecified parties with only one distillation round.

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  • Received 1 April 2019
  • Revised 23 January 2020
  • Accepted 20 March 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023047

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Quantum Information, Science & Technology

Authors & Affiliations

Zheng-Da Li1,2,3,*, Xiao Yuan1,2,3,*, Xu-Fei Yin1,2,3,*, Li-Zheng Liu1,2,3, Rui Zhang1,2,3, Yue-Yang Fei1,2,3, Li Li1,2,3, Nai-Le Liu1,2,3, Xiongfeng Ma4, He Lu5, Yu-Ao Chen1,2,3, and Jian-Wei Pan1,2,3

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 China
  • 2Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315 China
  • 3Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
  • 4Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 5School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Vol. 2, Iss. 2 — April - June 2020

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