Abstract
Bulk show a temperature-driven valence transition of europium from above 200 K to below 100 K, which is correlated with a shrinking by approximately 2% of the tetragonal crystal lattice along the two -axes. Due to this interconnection between lattice and electronic degrees of freedom the influence of strain in epitaxial thin films is particularly interesting. Ambient x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms an epitaxial relationship of tetragonal on MgO(001) with an out-of plane -axis orientation for the thin film, whereby the -axes of both lattices align. XRD at low temperatures reveals a strong coupling of the thin film lattice to the substrate, showing no abrupt compression over the temperature range from 300 to 10 K. Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 300 and 20 K reveals a temperature-independent valence of for Eu. The evolving biaxial tensile strain upon cooling is suggested to suppress the valence transition. Instead temperature-dependent transport measurements of the resistivity and the Hall effect in a magnetic field up to 5 T point to a film thickness independent phase transition at 16 to 20 K, indicating magnetic ordering.
- Received 26 July 2022
- Accepted 20 October 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.115003
©2022 American Physical Society