Quantum Orders in an Exact Soluble Model

Xiao-Gang Wen
Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 016803 – Published 10 January 2003

Abstract

We find all the exact eigenstates and eigenvalues of a spin-1/2 model on square lattice: H=16giSiySi+x^xSi+x^+y^ySi+y^x. We show that the ground states for g<0 and g>0 have different quantum orders described by Z2A and Z2B projective symmetry groups. The phase transition at g=0 represents a new kind of phase transition that changes quantum orders but not symmetry. Both the Z2A and Z2B states contain Z2 lattice gauge theories at low energies. They have robust topologically degenerate ground states and gapless edge excitations.

  • Received 1 May 2002

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.016803

©2003 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Xiao-Gang Wen

  • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

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Issue

Vol. 90, Iss. 1 — 10 January 2003

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