Abstract
We find all the exact eigenstates and eigenvalues of a spin- model on square lattice: . We show that the ground states for and have different quantum orders described by and projective symmetry groups. The phase transition at represents a new kind of phase transition that changes quantum orders but not symmetry. Both the and states contain lattice gauge theories at low energies. They have robust topologically degenerate ground states and gapless edge excitations.
- Received 1 May 2002
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.016803
©2003 American Physical Society