Dynamical Horizons: Energy, Angular Momentum, Fluxes, and Balance Laws

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Dynamical Horizons: Energy, Angular Momentum, Fluxes, and Balance Laws

Abhay Ashtekar and Badri Krishnan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 261101 – Published 11 December 2002

Abstract

Dynamical horizons are considered in full, nonlinear general relativity. Expressions of fluxes of energy and angular momentum carried by gravitational waves across these horizons are obtained. Fluxes are local, the energy flux is positive, and change in the horizon area is related to these fluxes. The flux formulas also give rise to balance laws analogous to the ones obtained by Bondi and Sachs at null infinity and provide generalizations of the first and second laws of black-hole mechanics.

Received 25 July 2002

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.261101

Authors & Affiliations

Abhay Ashtekar^* and Badri Krishnan^†

Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry and Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

^*Electronic address: ashtekar@gravity.psu.edu
^†Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut, Am Mühlenberg 1,D-14476 Golm, Germany. Electronic address: badkri@aei-potsdam.mpg.de

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Issue

Vol. 89, Iss. 26 — 23 December 2002

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Physical Review Letters