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Test of Local Realism into the Past without Detection and Locality Loopholes

Ming-Han Li, Cheng Wu, Yanbao Zhang, Wen-Zhao Liu, Bing Bai, Yang Liu, Weijun Zhang, Qi Zhao, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Lixing You, W. J. Munro, Juan Yin, Jun Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Xiongfeng Ma, Qiang Zhang, Jingyun Fan, and Jian-Wei Pan
Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 080404 – Published 20 August 2018
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Abstract

Inspired by the recent remarkable progress in the experimental test of local realism, we report here such a test that achieves an efficiency greater than (78%)2 for entangled photon pairs separated by 183 m. Further utilizing the randomness in cosmic photons from pairs of stars on the opposite sides of the sky for the measurement setting choices, we not only close the locality and detection loopholes simultaneously, but also test the null hypothesis against local hidden variable mechanisms for events that took place 11 years ago (13 orders of magnitude longer than previous experiments). After considering the bias in measurement setting choices, we obtain an upper bound on the p value of 7.87×104, which clearly indicates the rejection with high confidence of potential local hidden variable models. One may further push the time constraint on local hidden variable mechanisms deep into the cosmic history by taking advantage of the randomness in photon emissions from quasars with large aperture telescopes.

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  • Received 9 April 2018
  • Revised 11 June 2018

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.080404

© 2018 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Gravitation, Cosmology & AstrophysicsGeneral Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Ming-Han Li1,2, Cheng Wu1,2, Yanbao Zhang3, Wen-Zhao Liu1,2, Bing Bai1,2, Yang Liu1,2, Weijun Zhang4, Qi Zhao5, Hao Li4, Zhen Wang4, Lixing You4, W. J. Munro3, Juan Yin1,2, Jun Zhang1,2, Cheng-Zhi Peng1,2, Xiongfeng Ma5, Qiang Zhang1,2, Jingyun Fan1,2, and Jian-Wei Pan1,2

  • 1Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People’s Republic of China
  • 2Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People’s Republic of China
  • 3NTT Basic Research Laboratories and NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
  • 5Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

See Also

Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars

Dominik Rauch, Johannes Handsteiner, Armin Hochrainer, Jason Gallicchio, Andrew S. Friedman, Calvin Leung, Bo Liu, Lukas Bulla, Sebastian Ecker, Fabian Steinlechner, Rupert Ursin, Beili Hu, David Leon, Chris Benn, Adriano Ghedina, Massimo Cecconi, Alan H. Guth, David I. Kaiser, Thomas Scheidl, and Anton Zeilinger
Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 080403 (2018)

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Issue

Vol. 121, Iss. 8 — 24 August 2018

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