Abstract
Ensemble density functional theory is a promising method for the efficient and accurate calculation of excitations of quantum systems, at least if useful functionals can be developed to broaden its domain of practical applicability. Here, we introduce a guaranteed single-valued “Hartree-exchange” ensemble density functional, , in terms of the right derivative of the universal ensemble density functional with respect to the coupling constant at vanishing interaction. We show that is straightforwardly expressible using block eigenvalues of a simple matrix [Eq. (14)]. Specialized expressions for from the literature, including those involving superpositions of Slater determinants, can now be regarded as originating from the unifying picture presented here. We thus establish a clear and practical description for Hartree and exchange in ensemble systems.
- Received 13 August 2017
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.243001
© 2017 American Physical Society