Determination of Ionization and Tunneling Times in High-Order Harmonic Generation

Jing Zhao and Manfred Lein
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 043901 – Published 26 July 2013

Abstract

From the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we obtain the times of ionization and return of the laser-driven electron in high-order harmonic generation by probing the dynamics with a second harmonic field polarized orthogonal to the fundamental field and observing the harmonic emission in dependence on the two-color delay. Our retrieval method using complex-time evolution gives ionization and return times in excellent agreement with the quantum-orbit model, while a retrieval based on real-time classical dynamics can introduce substantial errors. Because of the imaginary parts, the harmonic signal polarized along the probe field is nonzero for any two-color delay. The tunneling time can be retrieved under an assumption for the return time.

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  • Received 29 October 2012

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.043901

© 2013 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Jing Zhao1,2 and Manfred Lein1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 2Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

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Issue

Vol. 111, Iss. 4 — 26 July 2013

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