Abstract
We investigate numerically the impact process of a particle of diameter and velocity onto a cohesive granular packing made of similar particles via two-dimensional discrete element method simulations. The cohesion is ensured by liquid bridges between neighboring particles and described by short range attraction force based on capillary modeling. The outcome of the impact is analyzed through the production of ejected particles from the packing, referred to as the splash process. We quantify this production as a function of the impact velocity for various capillary strength and liquid content . The numerical data indicate that the splash process is modified when the dimensionless cohesion number (where is the particle density, its diameter, and the gravitational acceleration) exceeds a critical value of the order of the unity. Above this value, we highlight that the ejection process is triggered above a threshold impact Froude number, , which depends both on and and scales as , where the values of the exponents are found close to and , respectively, and can be derived from rational physical arguments. Importantly, we show that, above the threshold, the number of splashed particles follows a linear law with the impact Froude number as in the cohesionless case.
5 More- Received 31 January 2022
- Accepted 17 April 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.105.054902
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