Gravitational radiation from inspiralling compact objects: Spin effects to the fourth post-Newtonian order

The linear- and quadratic-in-spin contributions to the binding potential and gravitational-wave flux from binary systems are derived to next-to-next-to-leading order in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion of general relativity, including finite-size and tail effects. The calculation is carried out through the worldline effective field theory framework. We find agreement in the overlap with the available PN and self-force literature. As a direct application, we complete the knowledge of spin effects in the evolution of the orbital phase for aligned-spin circular orbits to fourth PN order. We estimate the impact in the number of accumulated gravitational-wave cycles and find they make a significant contribution for next-generation observatories. The results presented here will therefore play an important role in providing reliable physical interpretation of gravitational-wave signals from spinning binaries with future gravitational-wave detectors such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope.

Figure 1

Topologies needed for the ${\mathrm{N}}^2\mathrm{LO}$ potential (see text).

Figure 2

Topologies needed to match the multipole moments entering the radiated flux to NNLO (see text).

Figure 3

Tail coupling between the binary’s mass monopole and other source moments.