Abstract
We consider the motion of charged and spinning bodies on the symmetry axis of a non-extremal Kerr-Newman black hole. If one treats the body as a test point particle of mass, , charge , and spin , then by dropping the body into the black hole from sufficiently near the horizon, the first order area increase, , of the black hole can be made arbitrarily small, i.e., the process can be done in a “reversible” manner with regard to the change of parameters of the black hole. At second order, there may be effects on the energy delivered to the black hole—quadratic in and —resulting from (i) the finite size of the body and (ii) self-force corrections to the energy. Sorce and Wald have calculated these effects for a charged, non-spinning body on the symmetry axis of an uncharged Kerr black hole and showed that, when these effects are included, also can be made arbitrarily small, i.e., this process remains reversible to second order. We consider the generalization of this process for a charged and spinning body on the symmetry axis of a Kerr-Newman black hole, where the self-force effects have not been calculated. A spinning body (with negligible extent along the spin axis) must have a mass quadrupole moment , so at quadratic order in the spin, we must take into account quadrupole effects on the motion. After taking into account all such finite size effects, we find that the condition yields a nontrivial lower bound on the self-force energy, , at the horizon. In particular, for an uncharged, spinning body on the axis of a Kerr black hole of mass , the net contribution of spin self-force to the energy of the body at the horizon is , corresponding to an overall repulsive spin self-force. A lower bound for the self-force energy, , for a body with both charge and spin at the horizon of a Kerr-Newman black hole is given. This lower bound will be the correct formula for if the dropping process can be done reversibly to second order.
- Received 28 September 2019
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.104043
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