Kaon oscillations and baryon asymmetry of the Universe

Baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) can likely be explained with $K^0-K^{0^{\prime }}$ oscillations of a newly developed mirror-matter model and new understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions. A consistent picture for the origin of both BAU and dark matter is presented with the aid of $n-n^{\prime }$ oscillations of the new model. The global symmetry breaking transitions in QCD are proposed to be staged depending on condensation temperatures of strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks in the early universe. The long-standing BAU puzzle could then be understood with $K^0-K^{0^{\prime }}$ oscillations that occur at the stage of strange quark condensation and baryon number violation via a nonperturbative sphaleronlike (coined “quarkiton”) process. Similar processes at charm, bottom, and top quark condensation stages are also discussed including an interesting idea for top quark condensation to break both the QCD global $U_t(1{)}_A$ symmetry and the electroweak gauge symmetry at the same time. Meanwhile, the $U(1{)}_A$ or strong $CP$ problem of particle physics is addressed with a possible explanation under the same framework.

Figure 1

The mirror-to-normal baryon ratio is shown as function of the mass difference ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{n{n}^{\prime }}$ assuming the mixing strength ${\sin }^2(2\theta )=2\times {10}^{-5}$. The QCD phase transition temperature is varied to be $T_c=100$, 150, 200 MeV, respectively.

Figure 2

The mixing strength ${\sin }^2(2\theta )$ is shown as function of the mass difference ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{n{n}^{\prime }}$ assuming a mirror-to-normal baryon ratio of 5.4. The QCD phase transition temperature is varied to be $T_c=100$, 150, 200 MeV, respectively.