Abstract
It has been debated for decades whether hadrons emerging from collisions exhibit collective expansion. The signal of the collective motion in collisions is not as clear or as clean as in heavy-ion collisions because of the low multiplicity and large fluctuation in collisions. The Tsallis blast-wave (TBW) model is a thermodynamic approach, introduced to handle the overwhelming correlation and fluctuation in the hadronic processes. We have systematically studied the identified particle spectra in collisions from the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using TBW and have found no appreciable radial flow in collisions below GeV. At the LHC higher energy of 7 TeV in collisions, the radial flow velocity achieves an average value of . This flow velocity is comparable to that in peripheral (40–60%) collisions at the RHIC. Breaking of the identified particle spectra scaling was also observed at the LHC from a model-independent test.
- Received 14 May 2014
- Revised 5 January 2015
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.024910
©2015 American Physical Society