Pion inelastic scattering to the low-lying states in ${}_{}{}^{42,44,48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$: Determination of the neutron and proton multipole matrix elements

A distorted-wave impulse-approximation analysis of 180-MeV ${\pi }^{\pm }$ inelastic-scattering data to the $2_1^{+}$ and $3_1^{-}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{42,44,48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ is used to extract the neutron and proton (alternatively, isovector and isoscalar) multipole matrix elements for exciting these states. Model-dependent errors are examined by comparing results of calculations using collective-model form factors with those using form factors fitted to electron inelastic-scattering data.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{42,44,48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}({\pi }^{\pm },{\pi }^{\pm })$; measured $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$; DWIA analysis; deduced neutron and proton multipole matrix elements.]