Abstract
In this study, the microscopic origins of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in -ferromagnetic metals are revealed. Using in situ x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy that provides a high quantum efficiency, electric-field-induced changes in orbital magnetic moment and magnetic dipole terms in ultrathin Co films are demonstrated. An orbital magnetic moment difference of was generated in the presence of electric fields of . The VCMA of Co was properly estimated by the induced change in orbital magnetic moment, according to the perturbation theory model. The induced change in the magnetic dipole term only slightly contributed to the VCMA in -ferromagnetic metals.
- Received 28 August 2017
- Revised 9 November 2017
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.220412
©2017 American Physical Society