• Milestone

Electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional carbon

N. M. R. Peres, F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto
Phys. Rev. B 73, 125411 – Published 16 March 2006
An article within the collection: Physical Review B 50th Anniversary Milestones

Abstract

Two-dimensional carbon, or graphene, is a semimetal that presents unusual low-energy electronic excitations described in terms of Dirac fermions. We analyze in a self-consistent way the effects of localized (impurities or vacancies) and extended (edges or grain boundaries) defects on the electronic and transport properties of graphene. On the one hand, point defects induce a finite elastic lifetime at low energies with the enhancement of the electronic density of states close to the Fermi level. Localized disorder leads to a universal, disorder independent, electrical conductivity at low temperatures, of the order of the quantum of conductance. The static conductivity increases with temperature and shows oscillations in the presence of a magnetic field. The graphene magnetic susceptibility is temperature dependent (unlike an ordinary metal) and also increases with the amount of defects. Optical transport properties are also calculated in detail. On the other hand, extended defects induce localized states near the Fermi level. In the absence of electron-hole symmetry, these states lead to a transfer of charge between the defects and the bulk, the phenomenon we call self-doping. The role of electron-electron interactions in controlling self-doping is also analyzed. We also discuss the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene, the role played by the edge states induced by a magnetic field, and their relation to the almost field independent surface states induced at boundaries. The possibility of magnetism in graphene, in the presence of short-range electron-electron interactions and disorder is also analyzed.

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  • Received 2 December 2005

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.125411

©2006 American Physical Society

Collections

This article appears in the following collection:

Physical Review B 50th Anniversary Milestones

These Milestone studies represent lasting contributions to physics by way of reporting significant discoveries, initiating new areas of research, or substantially enhancing the conceptual tools for making progress in the burgeoning field of condensed matter physics.

Authors & Affiliations

N. M. R. Peres1,2, F. Guinea1,3, and A. H. Castro Neto1

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
  • 2Center of Physics and Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, P-4710-057, Braga, Portugal
  • 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

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Issue

Vol. 73, Iss. 12 — 15 March 2006

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