Irradiation-induced amorphization of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_2{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ pyrochlore

Several investigations have recently been undertaken in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the radiation-damage mechanisms in ${\mathrm{A}}_2{\mathrm{B}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ pyrochlore-structure compounds. The present work represents the first systematic study of the irradiation-induced amorphization of a pyrochlore with A- and B-site cation valences of +2 and +5, respectively. Relatively large single crystals of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_2{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ were grown for these experiments. In situ ion-irradiation experiments were carried out in a transmission electron microscope in conjunction with ex situ Rutherford backscattering measurements of ion-irradiated ${\mathrm{Cd}}_2{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ single crystals. ${\mathrm{Cd}}_2{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ can be amorphized in situ by Ne or Xe ions at temperatures up to 480 and 620 K, respectively. At room temperature, the amorphization fluence was 36 times higher for 280 keV ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$ than for 1200 keV ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{2+},$ corresponding to a displacement dose that was higher by a factor of 3. Disordering of Cd and Nb over the available cation sites occurs at intermediate ion doses prior to amorphization. The temperature dependence of the amorphization dose is modeled, and the results are compared to those of a previous model. The bulk-sample Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) results were generally consistent with the in situ TEM measurements. Effects of crystallographic orientation and ion charge state had relatively little effect on the damage accumulation in bulk crystals. The RBS data are consistent with a defect-accumulation, cascade-overlap model of amorphization of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_2{\mathrm{Nb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7,$ as are the in situ TEM observations.