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Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for frequency-dependent specific heat

Johannes K. Nielsen and Jeppe C. Dyre
Phys. Rev. B 54, 15754 – Published 1 December 1996
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Abstract

A derivation of the fluctuation-dissipation (FD) theorem for the frequency-dependent specific heat of a system described by a master equation is presented. The FD theorem is illustrated by a number of simple examples, including a system described by a linear Langevin equation, a two-level system, and a system described by the energy master equation. It is shown that for two quite different models with low-energy cutoffs—a collection of two-level systems and a system described by the energy master equation—the frequency-dependent specific heat in dimensionless units becomes universal at low temperatures, i.e., independent of both energy distribution and temperature. These two models give almost the same universal frequency-dependent specific heat, which compares favorably to experiments on supercooled alcohols. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

  • Received 17 May 1996

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.15754

This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Authors & Affiliations

Johannes K. Nielsen and Jeppe C. Dyre

  • Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Roskilde, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

References

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Issue

Vol. 54, Iss. 22 — 1 December 1996

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