Quantum fluctuations in electrical multiport linear systems

A. Parra-Rodriguez and I. L. Egusquiza
Phys. Rev. B 106, 054504 – Published 4 August 2022

Abstract

We present an extension of the classical Johnson-Nyquist theorem for multiport classical electrical passive linear networks by Twiss [J. Appl. Phys. 26, 599 (1955)] to the quantum case. Conversely, we extend the quantum fluctuation-dissipation result for one port electrical systems to the multiport case, both reciprocal and nonreciprocal, performing a detailed quantum analysis of the canonical Foster lossless immittance expansions. Our results are extended to lossy systems by depicting resistive components as continuous limits of purely lossless lumped-element networks. Simple circuit examples are analyzed, including a linear system lacking a direct impedance representation.

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  • Received 9 November 2021
  • Accepted 20 July 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.054504

©2022 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

General PhysicsCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

A. Parra-Rodriguez*

  • Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain and Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1

I. L. Egusquiza

  • Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain

  • *adrian.parra.rodriguez@gmail.com

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Issue

Vol. 106, Iss. 5 — 1 August 2022

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