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Microwave-Free Vector Magnetometry with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers along a Single Axis in Diamond

Huijie Zheng, Zhiyin Sun, Georgios Chatzidrosos, Chen Zhang, Kazuo Nakamura, Hitoshi Sumiya, Takeshi Ohshima, Junichi Isoya, Jörg Wrachtrup, Arne Wickenbrock, and Dmitry Budker
Phys. Rev. Applied 13, 044023 – Published 9 April 2020

Abstract

Sensing vector magnetic fields is critical to many applications in fundamental physics, bioimaging, and material science. Magnetic field sensors exploiting nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers are particularly compelling as they offer high sensitivity and spatial resolution even at the nanoscale. Achieving vector magnetometry, however, often requires applying microwaves sequentially or simultaneously, limiting the sensors’ applications under cryogenic temperature. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microwave-free vector magnetometer that simultaneously measures all Cartesian components of a magnetic field using N-V ensembles in diamond. In particular, the present magnetometer leverages the level anticrossing in the triplet ground state at 102.4 mT, allowing the measurement of both longitudinal and transverse fields with a wide bandwidth from zero to the megahertz range. Full vector sensing capability is proffered by modulating fields along the preferential N-V axis and in the transverse plane and subsequent demodulation of the signal. This sensor exhibits a root-mean-square noise floor that approximately equals 300 pT/Hz in all directions. The present technique is broadly applicable to both ensemble sensors and potentially also to single-N-V sensors, extending the vector capability to nanoscale measurements under ambient temperatures.

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  • Received 11 April 2019
  • Revised 28 December 2019
  • Accepted 14 February 2020
  • Corrected 5 October 2020
  • Corrected 29 January 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.044023

© 2020 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Quantum Information, Science & Technology

Corrections

5 October 2020

Correction: The omission of a support statement in the Acknowledgments has been fixed.

29 January 2021

Second Correction: Corresponding author identifiers for the byline footnotes were missing at publication and have now been inserted.

Authors & Affiliations

Huijie Zheng1,*, Zhiyin Sun2,3,†, Georgios Chatzidrosos1, Chen Zhang4, Kazuo Nakamura5, Hitoshi Sumiya6, Takeshi Ohshima7, Junichi Isoya8, Jörg Wrachtrup4, Arne Wickenbrock1,3, and Dmitry Budker1,3,9,10

  • 1Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
  • 2Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • 3Helmholtz Institut Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
  • 4Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Stuttgart 70174, Germany
  • 5Application Technology Research Institute, Tokyo Gas Company, Ltd., Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
  • 6Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Itami 664-0016, Japan
  • 7Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan
  • 8Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8573 Japan
  • 9Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
  • 10Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA

  • *Corresponding author: zheng@uni-mainz.de
  • Corresponding author: zhiyisun@uni-mainz.de

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Vol. 13, Iss. 4 — April 2020

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