Quantum anonymous voting for continuous variables

A series of quantum voting protocols of continuous variables is proposed. Three methods are employed to ensure that the quantum voting obeys some desirable rules. Entanglement is used to keep voters away from the voting results. We enable voters to operate identically to represent the same vote to prevent the tallyman from gaining information about individual voters. We also propose an effective scheme to prevent voters from voting more than once. In both two-valued and multivalued ballot protocols, several specific constraints are set to meet the rules.

Figure 1

Two-valued ballot process with two couples of EPR states.

Figure 2

$m$-valued ballot process with $m$ couples of EPR states.

Figure 3

Experimental setup for ballot. OPO: optical parametric oscillator, BS: 50:50 beam splitter, AM: amplitude modulator, and PM: phase modulator.