Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light

A magnetometric technique is demonstrated that may be suitable for precision measurements of fields ranging from the submicrogauss level to above the earth field. It is based on resonant nonlinear magneto-optical rotation caused by atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation wall coating. Linearly polarized, frequency-modulated laser light is used for optical pumping and probing. If the time-dependent optical rotation is measured at the first harmonic of the modulation frequency, ultra-narrow (∼ a few hertz) resonances are observed at near-zero magnetic fields, and at fields where the Larmor frequency coincides with half the light modulation frequency. Upon optimization, the sensitivity of the technique is expected to exceed ${10}^{-11}\hspace{0.5em}G/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}.$