Abstract
Helicity , chirality , and spin angular momentum are three physical observables that play an important role in the study of optical fields. These quantities are closely related, but their connection is hidden by the use of four different vector fields for their representation, namely, the electric and magnetic fields and , and the two transverse potential vectors and . Helmholtz's decomposition theorem restricted to solenoidal vector fields entails the introduction of a bona fide inverse curl operator, which permits one to express the above three quantities in terms of the observable electric and magnetic fields only. This yields clear expressions for , and , which are automatically gauge invariant and display electric-magnetic democracy.
- Received 16 August 2022
- Accepted 17 October 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.106.043519
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.
Published by the American Physical Society