Nuclear versus electronic ring currents in oriented torsional molecules induced by magnetic fields. II. Electronic currents of toluene

Maria Dimitrova, Dongming Jia, Jörn Manz, and Dage Sundholm
Phys. Rev. A 106, 042802 – Published 3 October 2022

Abstract

The theory of nuclear ring currents of torsional molecules induced by an external magnetic field along the torsion axis was developed in the preceding paper [D. Jia et al., preceding paper, Phys. Rev. A 106, 042801 (2022)]. Here we study the magnetically induced electronic current density (MIC) for toluene in the presence of an external magnetic field that is aligned with the torsion axis of the methyl group. Properties of the MIC are studied in detail at the density-functional theory (DFT) level using our gauge-including magnetically induced current method, the derivation of which is briefly outlined. The strength of the MIC is determined by numerical integration and compared to the estimated strength of the magnetically induced nuclear ring current reported in the preceding paper. Spatial contributions to the diatropic and paratropic MICs are discussed in detail, where the diatropic MIC flows in the classical direction and the paratropic MIC flows in the opposite direction. The MIC in the vicinity of the methyl group is mainly diatropic, whereas the phenyl group ring is dominated by a paratropic MIC of 14.90nAT1 localized to the carbon atoms. The strength of the MIC near the methyl group is 10.41nAT1, which is of about the same size as the strength of the ring current of benzene when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the molecular ring. The strength of the magnetically induced nuclear ring current of the whole toluene molecule is 19.9pAT1, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the electronic one of 1.93nAT1 calculated for the eclipsed structure at the employed DFT level. This value is in perfect agreement with the current strength of 1.93nAT1 calculated at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles level with a perturbative treatment of the triple excitations. The current strength calculated at the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation level is 1.20nAT1, which is of the same size with opposite sign.

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  • Received 8 February 2022
  • Accepted 23 August 2022
  • Corrected 23 November 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.106.042802

©2022 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Atomic, Molecular & Optical

Corrections

23 November 2022

Correction: The previously published Figures 4 and 5 contained a sign error and have been replaced.

Authors & Affiliations

Maria Dimitrova1,*, Dongming Jia2,†, Jörn Manz3,4,5,‡, and Dage Sundholm1,§

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
  • 2MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
  • 3Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 5Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China

  • *maria.dimitrova@helsinki.fi
  • dongmingjia123@gmail.com
  • jmanz@chemie.fu-berlin.de
  • §Corresponding author: sundholm@chem.helsinki.fi

See Also

Nuclear versus electronic ring currents in oriented torsional molecules induced by magnetic fields. I. Nuclear currents of toluene

Dongming Jia, Maria Dimitrova, Yuan Man, Dage Sundholm, and Yonggang Yang
Phys. Rev. A 106, 042801 (2022)

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Vol. 106, Iss. 4 — October 2022

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