Beyond the Rabi model: Light interactions with polar atomic systems in a cavity

Giovanni Scala, Karolina Słowik, Paolo Facchi, Saverio Pascazio, and Francesco V. Pepe
Phys. Rev. A 104, 013722 – Published 27 July 2021

Abstract

The Rabi Hamiltonian, describing the interaction between a two-level atomic system and a single-cavity mode of the electromagnetic field, is one of the fundamental models in quantum optics. The model becomes exactly solvable by considering an atom without permanent dipole moments, whose excitation energy is quasiresonant with the cavity photon energy, and by neglecting the nonresonant (counter-rotating) terms. In this case, after including the decay of either the atom or the cavity mode to a continuum, one can derive the well-known phenomenology of quasiresonant transitions, including the fluorescence triplets. In this work we consider the most general Rabi model, incorporating the effects of permanent atomic electric dipole moments. Based on a perturbative analysis, we compare the intensities of emission lines induced by rotating terms, counter-rotating terms, and parity-symmetry-breaking terms in order to identify the parameter regimes in which these different contributions play a significant role. The analysis reveals that the emission strength related to the existence of permanent dipoles may surpass the one due to the counter-rotating interaction terms but is usually much weaker than the emission due to the main, resonant coupling. This ratio can be modified in systems with a reduced dimensionality or by engineering the energy spectral density of the continuum.

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  • Received 23 March 2021
  • Revised 25 May 2021
  • Accepted 9 July 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.013722

©2021 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

  1. Research Areas
Atomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Giovanni Scala1,2,3, Karolina Słowik4,*, Paolo Facchi1,2, Saverio Pascazio1,2, and Francesco V. Pepe1,2

  • 1Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
  • 2INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
  • 3International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
  • 4Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Torun, Poland

  • *karolina@fizyka.umk.pl

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Vol. 104, Iss. 1 — July 2021

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