Abstract
High-energy scattering spectroscopy is a widely established technique for probing the characteristic properties of complex physical systems. Motivated by the recent observation of long-sought supersolid states in dipolar quantum Bose gases, I investigate the general relationships existing between the density contrast, the superfluid fraction, and the response to a high-energy scattering probe of density-modulated states within a classical-field approach. I focus on the two extreme regimes of shallow and deep supersolids, which are of particular interest in describing the phase transitions of the supersolid to a uniform superfluid and an incoherent crystal state, respectively. Using relevant Ansätze for the fields of dipolar supersolid states in these regimes, I specify and illustrate the scaling laws relating the three observables. This work was first prompted to develop an intuitive understanding of a concomitant study based on experiments and mean-field numerical simulations. Beyond this specific application, this works provides a simple and general framework to describe density-modulated states and in particular the intriguing case of supersolids. It describes key properties characterizing the supersolid order and highlights possibilities for probing such properties based on high-energy scattering response.
- Received 6 May 2020
- Accepted 31 July 2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023333
©2020 American Physical Society