Dynamical excitation of maxon and roton modes in a Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate

Gary McCormack, Rejish Nath, and Weibin Li
Phys. Rev. A 102, 023319 – Published 19 August 2020

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atomic gases with a soft-core-shaped long-range interaction, which is induced by laser dressing the atoms to a highly excited Rydberg state. For a homogeneous condensate, the long-range interaction drastically alters the dispersion relation of the excitation, supporting both roton and maxon modes. Rotons are typically responsible for the creation of supersolids, while maxons are normally dynamically unstable in BECs with dipolar interactions. We show that maxon modes in the Rydberg-dressed condensate, on the contrary, are dynamically stable. We find that the maxon modes can be excited through an interaction quench, i.e., turning on the soft-core interaction instantaneously. The emergence of the maxon modes is accompanied by oscillations at high frequencies in the quantum depletion, while rotons lead to much slower oscillations. The dynamically stable excitation of the roton and maxon modes leads to persistent oscillations in the quantum depletion. Through a self-consistent Bogoliubov approach, we identify the dependence of the maxon mode on the soft-core interaction. Our study shows that maxon and roton modes can be excited dynamically and simultaneously by quenching Rydberg-dressed long-range interactions. This is relevant to current studies in creating and probing exotic states of matter with ultracold atomic gases.

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  • Received 28 February 2020
  • Accepted 14 July 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.023319

©2020 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Atomic, Molecular & OpticalCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Gary McCormack1,*, Rejish Nath2, and Weibin Li1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United kingdom
  • 2Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India

  • *gary.mccormack@nottingham.ac.uk

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Vol. 102, Iss. 2 — August 2020

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