Superfluid–Mott-insulator transition of ultracold superradiant bosons in a cavity

Rui Lin, Luca Papariello, Paolo Molignini, R. Chitra, and Axel U. J. Lode
Phys. Rev. A 100, 013611 – Published 11 July 2019

Abstract

We investigate harmonically trapped, laser-pumped bosons with infinite-range interactions induced by a dissipative high-finesse red-detuned optical cavity with numerical and analytical methods. We obtain multiple cavity and atomic observables as well as the full phase diagram of the system using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for indistinguishable particles (MCTDH-X) approach. Besides the transition from an unorganized normal phase to a superradiant phase where the atoms self-organize, we focus on an in-depth investigation of the self-organized superfluid to self-organized Mott-insulator phase transition in the superradiant phase as a function of the cavity-atom coupling. The numerical results are substantiated by an analytical study of an effective Bose-Hubbard model. We numerically analyze cavity fluctuations and emergent strong correlations between atoms in the many-body state across the Mott transition via the atomic density distributions and Glauber correlation functions. Unexpectedly, the weak harmonic trap leads to features like a lattice switching between the two symmetry-broken Z2 configurations of the untrapped system and a reentrance of superfluidity in the Mott-insulating phase. Our analytical considerations quantitatively explain the numerically observed correlation features.

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  • Received 3 December 2018

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.100.013611

©2019 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

Rui Lin1, Luca Papariello1, Paolo Molignini1, R. Chitra1, and Axel U. J. Lode2,3

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • 2Wolfgang Pauli Institute c/o Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • 3Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria

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Vol. 100, Iss. 1 — July 2019

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