Neutron Scattering and Polarization by Ferromagnetic Materials

Neutron diffraction studies are reported on a series of magnetized and unmagnetized ferromagnetic materials. The diffraction patterns for unmagnetized, polycrystalline samples of Fe and Co are found to possess both nuclear and magnetic components with the latter in agreement with the magnetic scattering theory with respect both to intensity of scattering and form factor angular variation. Studies on the magnetic structure of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3$${\mathrm{O}}_4$ are shown to strongly support Néel's proposed ferrimagnetic structure. Predictions of the theory regarding intensity effects upon sample magnetization are fully confirmed and the Schwinger-Halpern-Johnson formulation of the interaction function between the neutron's magnetic moment and the internal fields in a ferromagnet is substantiated. A pronounced variation of intensity around the Debye ring in the diffraction pattern for a magnetized sample is found. Neutron polarization effects in the Bragg scattered beams from magnetized crystals of Fe and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3$${\mathrm{O}}_4$ have been studied and it is shown that very highly polarized beams are obtained for certain reflections. This method of monochromatic beam polarization is found to compare very favorably with other methods with respect to polarization value, beam intensity, and ease of obtainment.