Abstract
Quantum computing offers a powerful new paradigm of information processing that has the potential to transform a wide range of industries. In the pursuit of the tantalizing promises of a universal quantum computer, a multitude of new knowledge and expertise has been developed, enabling the construction of novel quantum algorithms as well as increasingly robust quantum hardware. In particular, we have witnessed rapid progress in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) technology, which has emerged as one of the most promising physical systems that is capable of addressing the key challenges in realizing full-stack quantum computing on a large scale. In this Tutorial, we present some of the most crucial building blocks developed by the cQED community in recent years and a précis of the latest achievements towards robust universal quantum computation. More importantly, we aim to provide a synoptic outline of the core techniques that underlie most cQED experiments and offer a practical guide for a novice experimentalist to design, construct, and characterize their first quantum device.
11 More- Received 9 October 2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.040202
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
Published by the American Physical Society
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Popular Summary
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) is one of the leading hardware platforms for robust universal quantum computation. It describes the interaction of light at microwave frequencies and matter composed of superconducting circuit elements. In recent years, this platform has shown rapid progress in the design, control, and measurement of quantum states. enabling the construction of more reliable and reproducible quantum devices. These capabilities have enabled the cQED community to develop advanced studies of fundamental quantum effects as well as increasingly sophisticated technological applications.
Building cQED quantum systems requires both careful considerations in the design and fabrication processes of the device, as well as continual optimization of the control and measurement apparatus. As the cQED technology matures, the implementation of each building blocks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and multidisciplinary. This article strives to provide an introductory tutorial for experimentalists at the early stages of their career, focusing on some crucial experimental techniques and practices involved in successfully constructing and manipulating quantum devices using superconducting circuits. Finally, this tutorial also aims to provide a useful vantage point for a novice experimentalist to gain practical insights about some of the latest developments and remaining challenges towards realizing robust and scalable quantum hardware.