Microwave generation of stable atmospheric-pressure fireballs in air

The generation of stable buoyant fireballs in a microwave cavity in air at atmospheric pressure without the use of vaporized solids is described. These fireballs have some of the characteristics of ball lightning and resemble those reported by Dikhtyar and Jerby [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 045002 (2006)], although of a different color, and do not require the presence of molten or vaporized material. Mechanisms of microwave plasma formation and fluid dynamics can account for the observed behavior of the fireballs, which do not appear to meet the accepted definition of dusty plasmas in this case. Relevance to models of ball lightning and industrial applications are discussed.

Figure 1

Cross-section diagram of microwave chamber and electrodes used to produce fireballs.

Figure 2

Sequence of photographs showing (a) initial arc formation following contact between tungsten electrode tips, (b) microwave arc growth as upper electrode is withdrawn into chamber ceiling, (c) formation of stable fireball $67\mathrm{ms}$ after (b).

Figure 3

A proposed mechanism of fireball airflow showing microwave flame front at lower boundary of fireball, and probable streamlines resulting from convection of heated air.