CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010^*

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

Figure 1

Values of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ with $u_{\mathrm{r}}<{10}^{-7}$ implied by the input data in Table , in order of decreasing uncertainty from top to bottom (see Table ).

Figure 2

Values of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ with $u_{\mathrm{r}}<{10}^{-8}$ implied by the input data in Table  and the 2006 and 2010 CODATA recommended values in chronological order from top to bottom (see Table ).

Figure 3

Values of the Planck constant $h$ with $u_{\mathrm{r}}<{10}^{-6}$ implied by the input data in Table  and the 2006 and 2010 CODATA recommended values in chronological order from top to bottom (see Table ).

Figure 4

Values of the Boltzmann constant $k$ implied by the input data in Table  and the 2006 and 2010 CODATA recommended values in chronological order from top to bottom (see Table ). AGT: acoustic gas thermometry; RIGT: refractive index gas thermometry; JNT: Johnson noise thermometry.

Figure 5

Values of the electron relative atomic mass $A_{\mathrm{r}}(\mathrm{e})$ implied by the input data in Tables  and the 2006 and 2010 CODATA recommended values in chronological order from top to bottom (see Table ).

Figure 6

Values of the Newtonian constant of gravitation $G$ in Table  and the 2006 and 2010 CODATA recommended values in chronological order from top to bottom.

Figure 7

Comparison of the five individual values of ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{K}}$ obtained from the five values of $R_{\mathrm{K}}$, data items $B35.1–B35.5$, and the combined value (open circle) from adjustment (ii) given in Table . The applicable observational equation in Table  is $B{35}^{*}$.

Figure 8

Comparison of the three individual values of ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{K}}$ obtained from the three low-field gyromagnetic ratios, data items $B32.1$, $B32.2$, and $B33$, and the combined value (open circle) from adjustment (iii) given in Table . The applicable observational equations in Table  are $B{32}^{*}$ and $B{33}^{*}$. Because of the form of these equations, the value of ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{K}}$ when ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{J}}=0$ is identical to the value of ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{J}}$ when ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{K}}=0$, hence the label at the bottom of the figure.