Abstract
In spatial dimensions , Kondo lattice models of conduction and local moment electrons can exhibit a fractionalized, nonmagnetic state () with a Fermi surface of sharp electronlike quasiparticles, enclosing a volume quantized by , with the mean number of all electrons per unit cell of the ground state. Such states have fractionalized excitations linked to the deconfined phase of a gauge theory. Confinement leads to a conventional Fermi liquid state, with a Fermi volume quantized by , and an intermediate superconducting state for the gauge case. The state permits a second order metamagnetic transition in an applied magnetic field.
- Received 16 September 2002
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.216403
©2003 American Physical Society