Deterministic Secure Direct Communication Using Entanglement

A novel secure communication protocol is presented, based on an entangled pair of qubits and allowing asymptotically secure key distribution and quasisecure direct communication. Since the information is transferred in a deterministic manner, no qubits have to be discarded. The transmission of information is instantaneous, i.e., the information can be decoded during the transmission. The security against arbitrary eavesdropping attacks is provided. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information gain, the detection rate is $50\%$ per control transmission. The experimental realization of the protocol is feasible with relatively small effort, which also makes commercial applications conceivable.

Figure 1

Message mode: Dashed lines are qubit transfers.

Figure 2

Control mode: Solid lines are classical transfers.

Figure 3

A general eavesdropping attack.

Figure 4

Eavesdropping success probability as a function of the maximal eavesdropped information, plotted for different detection probabilities $d$.