Abstract
Random-matrix theory is used to study the mesoscopic fluctuations of the excitation gap in a metal grain or quantum dot induced by the proximity to a superconductor. We propose that the probability distribution of the gap is a universal function in rescaled units. Our analytical prediction for the gap distribution agrees well with exact diagonalization of a model Hamiltonian.
- Received 21 June 2000
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.874
©2001 American Physical Society