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Superfluid Fraction in an Interacting Spatially Modulated Bose-Einstein Condensate

G. Chauveau, C. Maury, F. Rabec, C. Heintze, G. Brochier, S. Nascimbene, J. Dalibard, J. Beugnon, S. M. Roccuzzo, and S. Stringari
Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 226003 – Published 2 June 2023
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Abstract

At zero temperature, a Galilean-invariant Bose fluid is expected to be fully superfluid. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the quenching of the superfluid density of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate due to the breaking of translational (and thus Galilean) invariance by an external 1D periodic potential. Both Leggett’s bound fixed by the knowledge of the total density and the anisotropy of the sound velocity provide a consistent determination of the superfluid fraction. The use of a large-period lattice emphasizes the important role of two-body interactions on superfluidity.

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  • Received 3 February 2023
  • Revised 7 April 2023
  • Accepted 9 May 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.226003

© 2023 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Atomic, Molecular & OpticalCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

G. Chauveau, C. Maury, F. Rabec, C. Heintze, G. Brochier, S. Nascimbene, J. Dalibard, and J. Beugnon*

  • Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France

S. M. Roccuzzo and S. Stringari

  • Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy

  • *beugnon@lkb.ens.fr
  • sandro.stringari@unitn.it

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Issue

Vol. 130, Iss. 22 — 2 June 2023

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