Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases with Time-Dependent Interactions: Consequence of Conformal Symmetry

Jeff Maki, Shizhong Zhang, and Fei Zhou
Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 040401 – Published 24 January 2022
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Abstract

In this Letter, we investigate the effects of a time-dependent, short-ranged interaction on the long-time expansion dynamics of Fermi gases. We show that the effects of the interaction on the dynamics is dictated by how it changes under a conformal transformation, and derive an explicit criterion for the relevancy of time-dependent interactions near both the strongly and noninteracting scale invariant limits. In addition, we show that it is possible to engineer interactions that give rise to nonexponential thermalization dynamics in trapped Fermi gases. To supplement the symmetry analysis, we perform hydrodynamic simulations to show that the moment of inertia of the trapped gas indeed follows a universal time dependence that is determined jointly by the conformal symmetry and time-dependent scattering length a(t). Our results should also be relevant to the dynamics of other systems that are nearly scale invariant and that are governed by a nonrelativistic conformal symmetry.

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  • Received 19 February 2021
  • Accepted 24 December 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.040401

© 2022 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

  1. Research Areas
General Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Jeff Maki1, Shizhong Zhang1,*, and Fei Zhou2

  • 1Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada

  • *shizhong@hku.hk

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Issue

Vol. 128, Iss. 4 — 28 January 2022

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