Abstract
In an effort to address integrability breaking in cold gas experiments, we extend the integrable hydrodynamics of the Lieb-Liniger model with two additional components representing the population of atoms in the first and second transverse excited states, thus enabling a description of quasi-1D condensates. Collisions between different components are accounted for through the inclusion of a Boltzmann-type collision integral in the hydrodynamic equation. Contrary to standard generalized hydrodynamics, our extended model captures thermalization of the condensate at a rate consistent with experimental observations from a quantum Newton’s cradle setup.
- Received 25 June 2020
- Revised 3 December 2020
- Accepted 28 January 2021
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.090602
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