Angular Momentum in Rotating Superfluid Droplets

Sean M. O. O’Connell, Rico Mayro P. Tanyag, Deepak Verma, Charles Bernando, Weiwu Pang, Camila Bacellar, Catherine A. Saladrigas, Johannes Mahl, Benjamin W. Toulson, Yoshiaki Kumagai, Peter Walter, Francesco Ancilotto, Manuel Barranco, Marti Pi, Christoph Bostedt, Oliver Gessner, and Andrey F. Vilesov
Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 215301 – Published 26 May 2020
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Abstract

The angular momentum of rotating superfluid droplets originates from quantized vortices and capillary waves, the interplay between which remains to be uncovered. Here, the rotation of isolated submicrometer superfluid He4 droplets is studied by ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a free electron laser. The diffraction patterns provide simultaneous access to the morphology of the droplets and the vortex arrays they host. In capsule-shaped droplets, vortices form a distorted triangular lattice, whereas they arrange along elliptical contours in ellipsoidal droplets. The combined action of vortices and capillary waves results in droplet shapes close to those of classical droplets rotating with the same angular velocity. The findings are corroborated by density functional theory calculations describing the velocity fields and shape deformations of a rotating superfluid cylinder.

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  • Received 12 September 2019
  • Accepted 16 April 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.215301

© 2020 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Sean M. O. O’Connell1, Rico Mayro P. Tanyag1,2, Deepak Verma1, Charles Bernando3,4, Weiwu Pang5, Camila Bacellar6,7, Catherine A. Saladrigas6,7, Johannes Mahl6,8, Benjamin W. Toulson6, Yoshiaki Kumagai9, Peter Walter10, Francesco Ancilotto11,12,*, Manuel Barranco13,14,15, Marti Pi13,14, Christoph Bostedt9,16,17,18, Oliver Gessner6,†, and Andrey F. Vilesov1,3,‡

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
  • 2Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
  • 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
  • 4OVO (PT. Visionet Internasional), Lippo Kuningan 20th floor, Jalan HR Rasuna Said No. B-12, Setiabudi, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
  • 5Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
  • 6Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 7Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 8Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 9Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 10Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 11Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and CNISM, Università di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
  • 12CNR-IOM Democritos, 34136 Trieste, Italy
  • 13Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Física, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 14Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 15Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France
  • 16Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
  • 17Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen–PSI, Switzerland
  • 18LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

  • *To whom correspondence should be addressed. francesco.ancilotto@pd.infn.it
  • To whom correspondence should be addressed. ogessner@lbl.gov
  • To whom correspondence should be addressed. vilesov@usc.edu.

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Issue

Vol. 124, Iss. 21 — 29 May 2020

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