Stepwise Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Spinor Gas

C. Frapolli, T. Zibold, A. Invernizzi, K. Jiménez-García, J. Dalibard, and F. Gerbier
Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 050404 – Published 4 August 2017
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Abstract

We observe multistep condensation of sodium atoms with spin F=1, where the different Zeeman components mF=0,±1 condense sequentially as the temperature decreases. The precise sequence changes drastically depending on the magnetization mz and on the quadratic Zeeman energy q (QZE) in an applied magnetic field. For large QZE, the overall structure of the phase diagram is the same as for an ideal spin-1 gas, although the precise locations of the phase boundaries are significantly shifted by interactions. For small QZE, antiferromagnetic interactions qualitatively change the phase diagram with respect to the ideal case, leading, for instance, to condensation in mF=±1, a phenomenon that cannot occur for an ideal gas with q>0.

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  • Received 24 February 2017

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.050404

© 2017 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Atomic, Molecular & Optical

Authors & Affiliations

C. Frapolli, T. Zibold*, A. Invernizzi, K. Jiménez-García, J. Dalibard, and F. Gerbier

  • Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France

  • *Present address: Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

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Issue

Vol. 119, Iss. 5 — 4 August 2017

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