Spectrograms of types of beam generated wave emissions, ranging from falling tones, hooks, and simultaneous rising and falling tones to crossing falling and rising tones. The fast electron energy is 3 keV for all cases, and , 2.6, 2.9, 2.6, 2.9, 2.9 and , 1.8, 1.5, 1.8, 1.5, 1.5 for panels (a)–(f), respectively.