• Open Access

Silicon–Carbon Bond Inversions Driven by 60-keV Electrons in Graphene

Toma Susi, Jani Kotakoski, Demie Kepaptsoglou, Clemens Mangler, Tracy C. Lovejoy, Ondrej L. Krivanek, Recep Zan, Ursel Bangert, Paola Ayala, Jannik C. Meyer, and Quentin Ramasse
Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 115501 – Published 11 September 2014
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Abstract

We demonstrate that 60-keV electron irradiation drives the diffusion of threefold-coordinated Si dopants in graphene by one lattice site at a time. First principles simulations reveal that each step is caused by an electron impact on a C atom next to the dopant. Although the atomic motion happens below our experimental time resolution, stochastic analysis of 38 such lattice jumps reveals a probability for their occurrence in a good agreement with the simulations. Conversions from three- to fourfold coordinated dopant structures and the subsequent reverse process are significantly less likely than the direct bond inversion. Our results thus provide a model of nondestructive and atomically precise structural modification and detection for two-dimensional materials.

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  • Received 3 March 2014

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.115501

This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Toma Susi1,*, Jani Kotakoski1,2, Demie Kepaptsoglou3, Clemens Mangler1, Tracy C. Lovejoy4, Ondrej L. Krivanek4, Recep Zan5,6, Ursel Bangert5,7, Paola Ayala1, Jannik C. Meyer1, and Quentin Ramasse3

  • 1Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
  • 2Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
  • 3SuperSTEM Laboratory, STFC Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
  • 4Nion Co., 1102 8th Street, Kirkland, Washington 98033, USA
  • 5School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
  • 6Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Niğde University, 51000 Niğde, Turkey
  • 7Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

  • *toma.susi@univie.ac.at; toma.susi@iki.fi

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Vol. 113, Iss. 11 — 12 September 2014

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