Figure 3
(a) Typical switching currents of the system averaged over forward and backward pumping directions as a function of the phase
across the sluice for several residuals of the critical current
; see Fig. 2a. Here,
. (b) Same as panel (a) but for the pumped current. To obtain the amount of accumulated Berry phase, we make a fit to the data corresponding to Eq. (
3) with
and
as fitting parameters, the result of which is shown in panel (c). (d) The variation amplitude of the switching current as in panel (a) with respect to the phase across the sluice as a function of the offset in the rf fluxes introducing residual critical current for
(blue), 10 (green), 16 (red), 22 (cyan), 28 (magenta), 35 (yellow), and 41 (gray). These values of the maximum gate charge are in the linear adiabatic regime as shown in Fig. 2b. (e) The variation amplitude of the pumped current as in panel (b) from the same data set as in panel (d). (f) Modulation amplitude in the pumped current divided by the average pumped current (shown in the inset),
, as a function of the flux offset. The dashed line shows a linear fit to the data for eight smallest offsets, and hence yields the linear dependence of the leakage parameter
on the flux offset. The dashed line in panel (d) shows a corresponding theoretical line from Eq. (
4) using
and
. The dashed lines in panel (e) show the linear dependence of
multiplied by the average pumped current (see the inset) corresponding to the specific gate amplitude and the smallest flux offset.
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