Simulating the nonlinear interaction of relativistic electrons and tokamak plasma instabilities: Implementation and validation of a fluid model

V. Bandaru, M. Hoelzl, F. J. Artola, G. Papp, and G. T. A. Huijsmans
Phys. Rev. E 99, 063317 – Published 27 June 2019

Abstract

For the simulation of disruptions in tokamak fusion plasmas, a fluid model describing the evolution of relativistic runaway electrons and their interaction with the background plasma is presented. The overall aim of the model is to self-consistently describe the nonlinear coupled evolution of runaway electrons (REs) and plasma instabilities during disruptions. In this model, the runaway electrons are considered as a separate fluid species in which the initial seed is generated through the Dreicer source, which eventually grows by the avalanche mechanism (further relevant source mechanisms can easily be added). Advection of the runaway electrons is considered primarily along field lines, but also taking into account the E×B drift. The model is implemented in the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code jorek based on Bezier finite elements, with current coupling to the thermal plasma. Benchmarking of the code with the one-dimensional runaway electron code go is done using an artificial thermal quench on a circular plasma. As a first demonstration, the code is applied to the problem of an axisymmetric cold vertical displacement event in an ITER plasma, revealing significantly different dynamics between cases computed with and without runaway electrons. Though it is not yet feasible to achieve fully realistic runaway electron velocities close to the speed of light in complete simulations of slowly evolving plasma instabilities, the code is demonstrated to be suitable to study various kinds of MHD-RE interactions in MHD-active and disruption relevant plasmas.

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  • Received 5 March 2019

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.99.063317

©2019 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Plasma Physics

Authors & Affiliations

V. Bandaru1,*, M. Hoelzl1, F. J. Artola2, G. Papp1, and G. T. A. Huijsmans3,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstaße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
  • 2ITER Organization, Saint Paul Lez Durance CS90046 13067, France
  • 3Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
  • 4CEA Cadarche, 13115 St Paul Lez Durance, France

  • *vkb@ipp.mpg.de

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Issue

Vol. 99, Iss. 6 — June 2019

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