The true contact area as a function of the dimensionless quantity for two different Hurst exponents , and for three different values of energy of adhesion, (black curves), (blue curves), and (red curves). As predicted by the theories, there is a marginal influence of the fractal dimension on the true contact area at small loads under loading conditions. The influence of becomes important during unloading. This leads to the formation of a hysteresis loading-unloading loop, which is strongly affected by the adhesion energy .
The dimensionless load (a) and the quantity (b) as a function of the nondimensional penetration , for two different Hurst exponents , and for three different values of energy of adhesion, (black curves), (blue curves), and (red curves).