Systematic errors due to linear congruential random-number generators with the Swendsen-Wang algorithm: A warning

We show that linear congruential pseudo-random-number generators can cause systematic errors in Monte Carlo simulations using the Swendsen–Wang algorithm, if the lattice size is a multiple of a very large power of 2 and one random number is used per bond. These systematic errors arise from correlations within a single bond-update half-sweep. The errors can be eliminated (or at least radically reduced) by updating the bonds in a random order or in an aperiodic manner. It also helps to use a generator of large modulus (e.g., 60 or more bits).