Abstract
The present work investigates the effect of inertia on the entropy production rate for all canonical models of active particles for different dimensions and the type of confinement. To calculate , the link between the entropy production and dissipation of heat rate is explored, resulting in a simple and intuitive expression. By analyzing the Kramers equation, alternative formulations of are obtained and the virial theorem for active particles is derived. Exact results are obtained for particles in an unconfined environment and in a harmonic trap. In both cases, is independent of temperature. For the case of a harmonic trap, attains a maximal value for , where is the persistence time and is the natural frequency of an oscillator. For active particles in one-dimensional box, or other nonharmonic potentials, thermal fluctuations are found to reduce .
- Received 2 September 2022
- Revised 3 November 2022
- Accepted 3 January 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.014604
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