Enhanced mechanical heterogeneity of cell collectives due to temporal fluctuations in cell elasticity

Garrett Zills, Trinanjan Datta, and Abdul Naseer Malmi-Kakkada
Phys. Rev. E 107, 014401 – Published 6 January 2023

Abstract

Cells are dynamic systems characterized by temporal variations in biophysical properties such as stiffness and contractility. Recent studies show that the recruitment and release of actin filaments into and out of the cell cortex—a network of proteins underneath the cell membrane—leads to cell stiffening prior to division and softening immediately afterward. In three-dimensional (3D) cell collectives, it is unclear whether the stiffness change during division at the single-cell scale controls the spatial structure and dynamics at the multicellular scale. This is an important question to understand because cell stiffness variations impact cell spatial organization and cancer progression. Using a minimal 3D model incorporating cell birth, death, and cell-to-cell elastic and adhesive interactions, we investigate the effect of mechanical heterogeneity—variations in individual cell stiffnesses that make up the cell collective—on tumor spatial organization and cell dynamics. We discover that spatial mechanical heterogeneity characterized by a spheroid core composed of stiffer cells and softer cells in the periphery emerges within dense 3D cell collectives, which may be a general feature of multicellular tumor growth. We show that heightened spatial mechanical heterogeneity enhances single-cell dynamics and volumetric tumor growth driven by fluctuations in cell elasticity. Our results could have important implications in understanding how spatiotemporal variations in single-cell stiffness determine tumor growth and spread.

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  • Received 25 March 2022
  • Revised 16 September 2022
  • Accepted 8 December 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.014401

©2023 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Physics of Living SystemsStatistical Physics & ThermodynamicsPolymers & Soft Matter

Authors & Affiliations

Garrett Zills1, Trinanjan Datta1,2,*, and Abdul Naseer Malmi-Kakkada1,†

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
  • 2Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA

  • *Corresponding author: tdatta@augusta.edu
  • Corresponding author: amalmikakkada@augusta.edu

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Vol. 107, Iss. 1 — January 2023

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