Role of higher-dimensional evolving wormholes in the formation of a big rip singularity

M. R. Setare and A. Sepehri
Phys. Rev. D 91, 063523 – Published 19 March 2015

Abstract

We study the four-dimensional Universe on the M2-M5 BIon in the thermal background. The BIon is a configuration in a flat space of a D-brane and a parallel anti-D-brane connected by a wormhole. When the branes and antibranes are well separated and the brane’s spike is far from the antibrane’s spike, the wormhole cannot be formed. However, when two branes are close to each other, they can be connected by a wormhole. Under this condition, there exist many channels for flowing energy from extra dimensions into our Universe. This energy dominates all other forms of energy, such as the gravitational repulsion, and brings our brief epoch of the Universe to an end in the big rip singularity. We show that at this singularity the Universe is destroyed, and one black M2-brane is formed. Finally, we test our model against WMAP, Planck, and BICEP2 data, and we obtain the ripping time. According to experimental data, the N50 case leads to ns0.96, where N and ns are the number e-folds and the spectral index, respectively. This standard case may be found in 0.01<RTensor-scalar<0.3, where RTensor-scalar is the tensor-to-scalar ratio. At this point, the big rip singularity occurs in a finite time trip=31(Gyr) for WMAP and Planck data and trip=28(Gyr) for BICEP2 data. By comparing this time with the time of the big rip in the brane-antibrane, we find that the wormhole in the BIonic system accelerates the destruction of the Universe.

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  • Received 8 October 2014

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.063523

© 2015 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

M. R. Setare1,* and A. Sepehri2,†

  • 1Department of Science, Campus of Bijar, University of Kurdistan, Bijar, Iran
  • 2Faculty of Physics, Shahid Bahonar University, P.O. Box 76175, Kerman, Iran

  • *rezakord@ipm.ir
  • alireza.sepehri@uk.ac.ir

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Vol. 91, Iss. 6 — 15 March 2015

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