Abstract
Bosons carrying a conserved charge can form stable bound states if their Lagrangian contains attractive self-interactions. Bound-state configurations with a large charge can be described classically and are denoted as -balls, their properties encoded in a nonlinear differential equation. Here, we study -balls in arbitrary polynomial single-scalar-field potentials both numerically and via various analytical approximations. We highlight some surprising universal features of -balls that barely depend on the details of the potential. The polynomial potentials studied here can be realized in renormalizable models involving additional heavy or light scalars, as we illustrate with several examples.
4 More- Received 4 November 2022
- Accepted 21 December 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.016006
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.
Published by the American Physical Society